TY - JOUR
T1 - Degradation of diatrizoate in a pin-to-liquid plasma reactor, its transformation products and their residual toxicity
AU - Corella Puertas, Elena
AU - Peyot, Marie Line
AU - Pineda, Marco
AU - Volk, Kalyssa
AU - Coulombe, Sylvain
AU - Yargeau, Viviane
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2021/8/15
Y1 - 2021/8/15
N2 - Diatrizoate, a recalcitrant iodinated contrast medium, has been detected in wastewaters and water bodies worldwide, with concentrations in hospital wastewaters in the μg/L range. Considering that conventional wastewater treatment technologies and ozonation fail to adequately remove diatrizoate, there is a need for researching alternative treatment technologies. In the present work, aqueous solutions of diatrizoate were treated in a compact (7.5 mL liquid volume) non-thermal plasma–liquid reactor. Oxygen and air plasmas were used for diatrizoate removal, with oxygen plasma performing better. After 20 min of treatment of 200 μg/L diatrizoate in pure water, oxygen led to 90% degradation whereas air achieved only 20% degradation. Two diatrizoate concentrations were studied: 10 mg/L to facilitate the identification of transformation products when using an oxygen plasma and 200 μg/L, a concentration in the range expected in hospital wastewater. For the oxygen plasma treatment, the energy efficiency for removing diatrizoate was 0.140 g/kWh for C0 = 10 mg/L and 0.006 g/kWh for C0 = 200 μg/L. The following transformation products of diatrizoate were identified: m/z 486A, 504A, 504B, 628, 630A, 630B (previously described in literature) and m/z 486B, 550, 555, 565, 578 (novel). Acute toxicity tests on Aliivibrio fischeri revealed no residual toxicity associated to transformation products. Since diatrizoate is a particularly recalcitrant aqueous organic pollutant, its successful removal and the lack of formation of toxic transformation products indicates that the developed plasma-based technology is promising for treating challenging wastewaters, such as hospital wastewaters.
AB - Diatrizoate, a recalcitrant iodinated contrast medium, has been detected in wastewaters and water bodies worldwide, with concentrations in hospital wastewaters in the μg/L range. Considering that conventional wastewater treatment technologies and ozonation fail to adequately remove diatrizoate, there is a need for researching alternative treatment technologies. In the present work, aqueous solutions of diatrizoate were treated in a compact (7.5 mL liquid volume) non-thermal plasma–liquid reactor. Oxygen and air plasmas were used for diatrizoate removal, with oxygen plasma performing better. After 20 min of treatment of 200 μg/L diatrizoate in pure water, oxygen led to 90% degradation whereas air achieved only 20% degradation. Two diatrizoate concentrations were studied: 10 mg/L to facilitate the identification of transformation products when using an oxygen plasma and 200 μg/L, a concentration in the range expected in hospital wastewater. For the oxygen plasma treatment, the energy efficiency for removing diatrizoate was 0.140 g/kWh for C0 = 10 mg/L and 0.006 g/kWh for C0 = 200 μg/L. The following transformation products of diatrizoate were identified: m/z 486A, 504A, 504B, 628, 630A, 630B (previously described in literature) and m/z 486B, 550, 555, 565, 578 (novel). Acute toxicity tests on Aliivibrio fischeri revealed no residual toxicity associated to transformation products. Since diatrizoate is a particularly recalcitrant aqueous organic pollutant, its successful removal and the lack of formation of toxic transformation products indicates that the developed plasma-based technology is promising for treating challenging wastewaters, such as hospital wastewaters.
KW - Allivibrio fischeri
KW - Diatrizoate
KW - Iodinated contrast media
KW - Non-thermal plasma
KW - Plasma–liquid interactions
KW - Transformation products
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85103948793&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146895
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146895
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85103948793
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 782
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
M1 - 146895
ER -