Decoherence is an Echo of Anderson Localization in Open Quantum Systems

We study the time evolution of single-particle quantum states described by a Lindblad master equation with local terms. By means of a geometric resolvent equation derived for Lindblad generators, we establish a finite-volume-type criterion for the decay of the off-diagonal matrix elements in the position basis of the time-evolved or steady states. This criterion is shown to yield exponential decay for systems where the non-hermitian evolution is either gapped or strongly disordered. The gap exists, for example, whenever any level of local dephasing is present in the system. The result in the disordered case can be viewed as an extension of Anderson localization to open quantum systems.