In a cooperative study performed by the College of General Education of Osaka University and the Institute of Electroacoustics of the Technical University of Munich, loudness evaluation of sounds was assessed. One goal was to show whether loudness evaluation depends on the cultural background of the persons listening to various sounds. Japanese and German subjects evaluated the loudness of impulses and (simulated) road-traffic noise in a similar manner. However, the question remains why at the same loudness for actual sounds, an impulse shows a higher level than road traffic noise but for simulated sounds the level of the impulse is lower than that of simulated road traffic noise.