CRISPR/Cas9 somatic multiplex-mutagenesis for high-Throughput functional cancer genomics in mice

Julia Weber, Rupert Öllinger, Mathias Friedrich, Ursula Ehmer, Maxim Barenboim, Katja Steiger, Irina Heid, Sebastian Mueller, Roman Maresch, Thomas Engleitner, Nina Gross, Ulf Geumann, Beiyuan Fu, Angela Segler, Detian Yuan, Sebastian Lange, Alexander Strong, Jorge De La Rosa, Irene Esposito, Pentao LiuJuan Cadiñanos, George S. Vassiliou, Roland M. Schmid, Gönter Schneider, Kristian Unger, Fengtang Yang, Rickmer Braren, Mathias Heikenwälder, Ignacio Varela, Dieter Saur, Allan Bradley, Roland Rad

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

158 Scopus citations

Abstract

Here, we show CRISPR/Cas9-based targeted somatic multiplexmutagenesis and its application for high-Throughput analysis of gene function in mice. Using hepatic single guide RNA (sgRNA) delivery, we targeted large gene sets to induce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). We observed Darwinian selection of target genes, which suppress tumorigenesis in the respective cellular/tissue context, such as Pten or Cdkn2a, and conversely found low frequency of Brca1/2 alterations, explaining mutational spectra in human ICC/HCC. Our studies show that multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9 can be used for recessive genetic screening or high-Throughput cancer gene validation in mice. The analysis of CRISPR/Cas9-induced tumors provided support for a major role of chromatin modifiers in hepatobiliary tumorigenesis, including that of ARID family proteins, which have recently been reported to be mutated in ICC/HCC. We have also comprehensively characterized the frequency and size of chromosomal alterations induced by combinatorial sgRNA delivery and describe related limitations of CRISPR/Cas9 multiplexing, as well as opportunities for chromosome engineering in the context of hepatobiliary tumorigenesis. Our study describes novel approaches to model and study cancer in a high-Throughput multiplexed format that will facilitate the functional annotation of cancer genomes.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)13982-13987
Number of pages6
JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Volume112
Issue number45
DOIs
StatePublished - 10 Nov 2015

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