TY - JOUR
T1 - Clinical and laboratory considerations
T2 - determining an antibody-based composite correlate of risk for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 or severe COVID-19
AU - Holdenrieder, Stefan
AU - Dos Santos Ferreira, Carlos Eduardo
AU - Izopet, Jacques
AU - Theel, Elitza S.
AU - Wieser, Andreas
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 Holdenrieder, Dos Santos Ferreira, Izopet, Theel and Wieser.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Much of the global population now has some level of adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 induced by exposure to the virus (natural infection), vaccination, or a combination of both (hybrid immunity). Key questions that subsequently arise relate to the duration and the level of protection an individual might expect based on their infection and vaccination history. A multi-component composite correlate of risk (CoR) could inform individuals and stakeholders about protection and aid decision making. This perspective evaluates the various elements that need to be accommodated in the development of an antibody-based composite CoR for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 or development of severe COVID-19, including variation in exposure dose, transmission route, viral genetic variation, patient factors, and vaccination status. We provide an overview of antibody dynamics to aid exploration of the specifics of SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. We further discuss anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays, sample matrices, testing formats, frequency of sampling and the optimal time point for such sampling. While the development of a composite CoR is challenging, we provide our recommendations for each of these key areas and highlight areas that require further work to be undertaken.
AB - Much of the global population now has some level of adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 induced by exposure to the virus (natural infection), vaccination, or a combination of both (hybrid immunity). Key questions that subsequently arise relate to the duration and the level of protection an individual might expect based on their infection and vaccination history. A multi-component composite correlate of risk (CoR) could inform individuals and stakeholders about protection and aid decision making. This perspective evaluates the various elements that need to be accommodated in the development of an antibody-based composite CoR for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 or development of severe COVID-19, including variation in exposure dose, transmission route, viral genetic variation, patient factors, and vaccination status. We provide an overview of antibody dynamics to aid exploration of the specifics of SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. We further discuss anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays, sample matrices, testing formats, frequency of sampling and the optimal time point for such sampling. While the development of a composite CoR is challenging, we provide our recommendations for each of these key areas and highlight areas that require further work to be undertaken.
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - antibodies
KW - clinical utility
KW - immunity
KW - innate and adaptive immune response
KW - models and modeling
KW - patient-centered care
KW - vaccines
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85182174701&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1290402
DO - 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1290402
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85182174701
SN - 2296-2565
VL - 11
JO - Frontiers in Public Health
JF - Frontiers in Public Health
M1 - 1290402
ER -