Abstract
The hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) yielding γ-valerolactone (GVL) has been examined in aqueous solution using various water soluble phosphine ligands in combination with the metal precursors [Ru(acac) 3] and [RuCl3]. Using catalyst loadings of only 0.2 mol%, GVL could be obtained in yields up to 99% conversion and 97% selectivity along with a maximum turnover frequency of 200molGVLmolRu- 1h-1 within 5 h, using 3,3′,3′′- phosphinidynetris(benzenesulfonic acid) trisodium salt (TPPTS) and Ru(acac) 3 as catalytic system. In addition, a ruthenium-phosphine complex immobilized on the amphiphilic copolymer PS-PEG was examined under the same conditions and gave 90% conversion of LA in 24 h.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 297-299 |
| Number of pages | 3 |
| Journal | Journal of Organometallic Chemistry |
| Volume | 724 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 15 Jan 2013 |
Keywords
- Aqueous hydrogenation
- Levulinic acid
- Polymer immobilized complex
- Water-soluble phosphines
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