TY - JOUR
T1 - Can a Hand-Held 3D Scanner Capture Temperature-Induced Strain of Mortar Samples? Comparison between Experimental Measurements and Numerical Simulations
AU - Haynack, Alexander
AU - Zadran, Sekandar
AU - Timothy, Jithender J.
AU - Gambarelli, Serena
AU - Kränkel, Thomas
AU - Thiel, Charlotte
AU - Ožbolt, Joško
AU - Gehlen, Christoph
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/9
Y1 - 2023/9
N2 - The expected lifespan of cement-based materials, particularly concrete, is at least 50 years. Changes in the pore structure of the material need to be considered due to external influences and associated transport processes. The expansion behaviour of concrete and mortar during freeze–thaw attacks, combined with de-icing salt agents, is crucial for both internal and external damage. It is essential to determine and simulate the expansion behaviour of these materials in the laboratory, as well as detect the slow, long-term expansion in real structures. This study measures the expansion of mortar samples during freeze–thaw loading using a high-resolution hand-held 3D laser scanner. The specimens are prepared with fully or partially saturated pore structures through water storage or drying. During freeze–thaw experiments, the specimens are exposed to pure water or a 3% sodium chloride solution (NaCl). Results show contraction during freezing and subsequent expansion during thawing. Both test solutions exhibit similar expansion behaviour, with differences primarily due to saturation levels. Further investigations are required to explore the changing expansion behaviour caused by increasing microcracking resulting from continuous freeze–thaw cycles. A numerical analysis using a 3D coupled hygro-thermo-mechanical (HTM) model is conducted to examine the freeze–thaw behaviour of the mortar. The model accurately represents the freezing deformation during the freeze–thaw cycle.
AB - The expected lifespan of cement-based materials, particularly concrete, is at least 50 years. Changes in the pore structure of the material need to be considered due to external influences and associated transport processes. The expansion behaviour of concrete and mortar during freeze–thaw attacks, combined with de-icing salt agents, is crucial for both internal and external damage. It is essential to determine and simulate the expansion behaviour of these materials in the laboratory, as well as detect the slow, long-term expansion in real structures. This study measures the expansion of mortar samples during freeze–thaw loading using a high-resolution hand-held 3D laser scanner. The specimens are prepared with fully or partially saturated pore structures through water storage or drying. During freeze–thaw experiments, the specimens are exposed to pure water or a 3% sodium chloride solution (NaCl). Results show contraction during freezing and subsequent expansion during thawing. Both test solutions exhibit similar expansion behaviour, with differences primarily due to saturation levels. Further investigations are required to explore the changing expansion behaviour caused by increasing microcracking resulting from continuous freeze–thaw cycles. A numerical analysis using a 3D coupled hygro-thermo-mechanical (HTM) model is conducted to examine the freeze–thaw behaviour of the mortar. The model accurately represents the freezing deformation during the freeze–thaw cycle.
KW - 3D FE numerical model
KW - 3D laser scanning
KW - concrete
KW - durability
KW - freeze–thaw and de-icing salt resistance
KW - hygro-thermo-mechanical coupling
KW - mortar
KW - numerical simulation
KW - strain
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85176440596&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/math11173672
DO - 10.3390/math11173672
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85176440596
SN - 2227-7390
VL - 11
JO - Mathematics
JF - Mathematics
IS - 17
M1 - 3672
ER -