Calculating three‐dimensional molecular structure from atom‐atom distance information: cyclosporin A

In recent years methods for deriving spatial molecular structure from atom‐atom distance information have gained in importance due to the emergence of two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r) techniques, which make it possible to obtain such distance information for polypeptides, small proteins, sugars, and DNA fragments in solution. Distance geometry (DG) and restrained molecular dynamics (MD) refinement are applied to a cyclic polypeptide, the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A, and the results are compared. Two different procedures, DG followed by restrained MD, and straightforward restrained MD starting from the X‐ray structure, both lead to a unique conformation that satisfies the 58 experimentally determined distance constraints. The results nicely show the relative merits of DG and restrained MD techniques for determining spatial molecular structure from distance information.