TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations of residential long-term air pollution exposures and satellite-derived greenness with insulin resistance in German adolescents
AU - Thiering, Elisabeth
AU - Markevych, Iana
AU - Brüske, Irene
AU - Fuertes, Elaine
AU - Kratzsch, Jürgen
AU - Sugiri, Dorothea
AU - Hoffmann, Barbara
AU - Von Berg, Andrea
AU - Bauer, Carl Peter
AU - Koletzko, Sibylle
AU - Berdel, Dietrich
AU - Heinrich, Joachim
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, Public Health Services, US Dept of Health and Human Services. All rights reserved.
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - Background: Epidemiological studies have identified associations between air pollution and green space access with type 2 diabetes in adults. However, it remains unclear to what extent associations with greenness are attributable to air pollution exposure. oBjectives: We aimed to investigate associations between long-term exposure to air pollution and satellite-derived greenness with insulin resistance in adolescents. Methods: A total of 837 participants of two German birth cohorts (LISAplus and GINIplus) were included in the analysis. Generalized additive models were used to determine the association of individual satellite-derived greenness defined by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), long-term air pollution exposure estimated by land-use regression (LUR) models with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in 15-year-old adolescents. Models were adjusted for study area, cohort, socio economic, and individual characteristics such as body mass index, physical activity, and smoking. results: Increases of 2 SDs in nitrogen dioxide (NO2; 8.9 μg/m3) and particulate matter ≤ 10 μm in diameter (PM10; 6.7 μg/m3) were significantly associated with 11.4% (95% CI: 4.4, 18.9) and 11.4% (95% CI: 0.4, 23.7) higher HOMA-IR. A 2-SD increase in NDVI in a 1,000-m buffer (0.2 units) was significantly associated with a lower HOMA-IR (-7.4%; 95% CI:-13.3,-1.1). Associations tended to be stronger in adolescents who spent more time outside and in those with lower socioeconomic status. In combined models including both air pollution and greenness, only NO2 remained significantly associated with HOMA-IR, whereas effect estimates for all other expo-sures attenuated after adjustment for NO2. conclusions: NO2, often considered as a marker of traffic, was independently associated with insulin resistance. The observed association between higher greenness exposure and lower HOMA-IR in adolescents might thus be attributable mainly to the lower co-exposure to traffic-related air pollution.
AB - Background: Epidemiological studies have identified associations between air pollution and green space access with type 2 diabetes in adults. However, it remains unclear to what extent associations with greenness are attributable to air pollution exposure. oBjectives: We aimed to investigate associations between long-term exposure to air pollution and satellite-derived greenness with insulin resistance in adolescents. Methods: A total of 837 participants of two German birth cohorts (LISAplus and GINIplus) were included in the analysis. Generalized additive models were used to determine the association of individual satellite-derived greenness defined by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), long-term air pollution exposure estimated by land-use regression (LUR) models with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in 15-year-old adolescents. Models were adjusted for study area, cohort, socio economic, and individual characteristics such as body mass index, physical activity, and smoking. results: Increases of 2 SDs in nitrogen dioxide (NO2; 8.9 μg/m3) and particulate matter ≤ 10 μm in diameter (PM10; 6.7 μg/m3) were significantly associated with 11.4% (95% CI: 4.4, 18.9) and 11.4% (95% CI: 0.4, 23.7) higher HOMA-IR. A 2-SD increase in NDVI in a 1,000-m buffer (0.2 units) was significantly associated with a lower HOMA-IR (-7.4%; 95% CI:-13.3,-1.1). Associations tended to be stronger in adolescents who spent more time outside and in those with lower socioeconomic status. In combined models including both air pollution and greenness, only NO2 remained significantly associated with HOMA-IR, whereas effect estimates for all other expo-sures attenuated after adjustment for NO2. conclusions: NO2, often considered as a marker of traffic, was independently associated with insulin resistance. The observed association between higher greenness exposure and lower HOMA-IR in adolescents might thus be attributable mainly to the lower co-exposure to traffic-related air pollution.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84980316328&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1289/ehp.1509967
DO - 10.1289/ehp.1509967
M3 - Article
C2 - 26863688
AN - SCOPUS:84980316328
SN - 0091-6765
VL - 124
SP - 1291
EP - 1298
JO - Environmental Health Perspectives
JF - Environmental Health Perspectives
IS - 8
ER -
