Antibiotic resistance genes in food production systems support One Health opinions

Imprudent use of antibiotics in the production of plants and animals raised for food contributes to the spread and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Additionally, the expansion of resistant bacteria and resistance genes among human-associated, animal-associated, and environmental microbiomes in food production systems break boundary barriers, further exacerbating the problem. Therefore, based on the understanding of the fate and dynamics of antibiotic resistance in food production systems, this paper adheres to the One Health framework to support collaborative efforts across multiple sectors to apply preventive measures (e.g., heightening awareness of antibiotic resistance and its confounding factors, strengthening environmental governance and regulatory frameworks, and constructing integrated food production surveillance systems) for the mitigation of antibiotic resistance. This review provides updated information on the sources and transmission of antibiotic resistance in agri-food production and proposes some strategies to alleviate the human burden of antibiotic resistance.