Analyse und Bewertung von Umbaumaßnahmen in Fichtenreinbeständen anhand ökologischer Gilden der Wirbellosen-Fauna

Pure spruce stands are unsatisfactory, especially from the ecological point of view. Therefore, attempts are being made to convert these into mixed forests by planting groups of beech under the canopy of the spruce forests. In this study the invertebrate fauna of such 20 and 40-year-old beech groups, pure spruce stands and deciduous stands are compared to see how far the young beech groups have already influenced the coenosis of spruce forests. The analysis was based upon 3 ecological guilds: Saprophagous macroinvertebrates, epigeic predators and predators of the trunk area. The study shows that while spruce stands are not barren deserts, they do contain less species and individuals than deciduous stands. As a result, the reconversion of spruce forest remains an important task in forest management. The beech groups are species richer than the spruce stands. However, the tree species are not the only important factor, the structure and the size of the groups are also of significance. Furthermore, other tree species such as Quercus, Tilia, Acer and Fraxinus as well as successional tree species may possibly promote diversity and accelerate the improvement of soil quality.