TY - JOUR
T1 - Activity benchmarks and requirements for Pt, Pt-alloy, and non-Pt oxygen reduction catalysts for PEMFCs
AU - Gasteiger, Hubert A.
AU - Kocha, Shyam S.
AU - Sompalli, Bhaskar
AU - Wagner, Frederick T.
PY - 2005/3/10
Y1 - 2005/3/10
N2 - The mass production of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel-cell-powered light-duty vehicles requires a reduction in the amount of Pt presently used in fuel cells. This paper quantifies the activities and voltage loss modes for state-of-the-art MEAs (membrane electrode assemblies), specifies performance goals needed for automotive application, and provides benchmark oxygen reduction activities for state-of-the-art platinum electrocatalysts using two different testing procedures to clearly establish the relative merit of candidate catalysts. A pathway to meet the automotive goals is charted, involving the further development of durable, high-activity Pt-alloy catalysts. The history, status in recent experiments, and prospects for Pt-alloy cathode catalysts are reviewed. The performance that would be needed for a cost-free non-Pt catalyst is defined quantitatively, and the behaviors of several published non-Pt catalyst systems (and logical extensions thereof), are compared to these requirements. Critical research topics are listed for the Pt-alloy catalysts, which appear to represent the most likely route to automotive fuel cells.
AB - The mass production of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel-cell-powered light-duty vehicles requires a reduction in the amount of Pt presently used in fuel cells. This paper quantifies the activities and voltage loss modes for state-of-the-art MEAs (membrane electrode assemblies), specifies performance goals needed for automotive application, and provides benchmark oxygen reduction activities for state-of-the-art platinum electrocatalysts using two different testing procedures to clearly establish the relative merit of candidate catalysts. A pathway to meet the automotive goals is charted, involving the further development of durable, high-activity Pt-alloy catalysts. The history, status in recent experiments, and prospects for Pt-alloy cathode catalysts are reviewed. The performance that would be needed for a cost-free non-Pt catalyst is defined quantitatively, and the behaviors of several published non-Pt catalyst systems (and logical extensions thereof), are compared to these requirements. Critical research topics are listed for the Pt-alloy catalysts, which appear to represent the most likely route to automotive fuel cells.
KW - Non-platinum catalysts
KW - Oxygen reduction catalysts
KW - PEFC
KW - Particle size effect
KW - Platinum-cobalt catalyst
KW - Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=13444252911&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.apcatb.2004.06.021
DO - 10.1016/j.apcatb.2004.06.021
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:13444252911
SN - 0926-3373
VL - 56
SP - 9
EP - 35
JO - Applied Catalysis B: Environmental
JF - Applied Catalysis B: Environmental
IS - 1-2 SPEC. ISS.
ER -