A References Architecture for Human Cyber Physical Systems, Part II: Fundamental Design Principles for Human-CPS Interaction

Klaus Bengler, Werner Damm, Andreas Luedtke, Reiger Jochem, Benedikt Austel, Bianca Biebl, Martin Fränzle, Willem Hagemann, Moritz Held, David Hess, Klas Ihme, Severin Kacianka, Alyssa J. Kerscher, Laine Forrest, Sebastian Lehnhoff, Alexander Pretschner, Astrid Rakow, Daniel Sonntag, Janos Sztipanovits, Maike SchwammbergerMark Schweda, Anirudh Unni, Eric Veith

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

As automation increases qualitatively and quantitatively in safety-critical human cyber-physical systems, it is becoming more and more challenging to increase the probability or ensure that human operators still perceive key artifacts and comprehend their roles in the system. In the companion paper, we proposed an abstract reference architecture capable of expressing all classes of system-level interactions in human cyber-physical systems. Here we demonstrate how this reference architecture supports the analysis of levels of communication between agents and helps to identify the potential for misunderstandings and misconceptions. We then develop a metamodel for safe human machine interaction. Therefore, we ask what type of information exchange must be supported on what level so that humans and systems can cooperate as a team, what is the criticality of exchanged information, what are timing requirements for such interactions, and how can we communicate highly critical information in a limited time frame in spite of the many sources of a distorted perception. We highlight shared stumbling blocks and illustrate shared design principles, which rest on established ontologies specific to particular application classes. In order to overcome the partial opacity of internal states of agents, we anticipate a key role of virtual twins of both human and technical cooperation partners for designing a suitable communication.

Original languageEnglish
Article number3
JournalACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems
Volume8
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - 14 Jan 2024

Keywords

  • Cyber-Physical Systems
  • Human-CPS Interaction
  • Real-time systems
  • architecture
  • interaction design

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