A comparative study of activity and dual sensor: Activity and minute ventilation pacing responses to ascending and descending stairs

Previous studies with activity-based rate adaptive pacemakers have shown a somewhat paradoxical response when comparing ascending stairs to descending stairs. The objective of this investigation was to measure dual-sensor rate response provided by activity and minute ventilation (MV) compared with activity alone, and with a control group, during ascending and descending stairs. For dual sensor mode, measured mean peak pacing rate with 72 (92) steps per minute was 111 ± 13 beats/min (124 ± 14 beats/min) ascending stairs and 81 ± 7 beats/min (97 ± 13 beats/min) for descending. For activity mode alone, mean peak pacing rate was 90 ± 12 beats/min (108 ± 19 beats/min) ascending stairs and 97 ± 12 beats/min (123 ± 17 beats/min) descending. The mean peak control group heart rate ascending stairs for a step rate of 72 (92) steps/min were 116 ± 11 beats/min (127 ± 14 beats/min) ascending stairs and for descending 89 ± 12 beats/min (95 ± 11 beats/min). While for dual sensor controlled pacing there was a significant difference for ascending and descending stairs at both step rates, there was no difference between going upstairs and downstairs for activity mode alone. Rates with dual sensor did not significantly differ from respective rates of the control group. The mean correlation coefficient between MV and paced rate was 0.85. Pacing heart rates delivered by the dual sensor mode were appropriate for ascending and descending stairs. In contrast to activity mode alone, the peak heart rates for dual sensor mode are higher during ascending than during descending stairs.