@inproceedings{b35f91c75d264e5b9f6ba0809e5478dd,
title = "A Causal Model of Intersection-Related Collisions for Drivers With and Without Visual Field Loss",
abstract = "Causal models allow us to reconstruct traffic accidents, predict the likelihood of future accidents and implement counter measures to prevent them. For drivers with impairments like visual field loss, naturalistic data on crash causes is however scarce due to their current prohibition to drive. This paper presents an approach to deriving a causal model for the prediction of crash risks for current non-drivers. The applied use case focuses on a collision with an overlooked crossing vehicle in an intersection. Based on the combination of crash analyses for normal sighted drivers and models of information processing and human errors, a general structural causal model for crash risks in this use case was developed. The application of this model to drivers with visual field loss on the side of the approaching vehicle revealed four causal factors with an increased risk of occurring: faulty anticipation of location and timing of hazards; inadequate guidance of gaze movements; adverse scanning patterns; and cognitive overload. These elevated crash risks can guide the development of assistive technologies for drivers with visual impairments in the future.",
keywords = "Causal model, Crash prediction, Interface for disabled and senior people, Mobile HCI and automobiles, Visual impairments",
author = "Bianca Biebl and Severin Kacianka and Anirudh Unni and Alexander Trende and Rieger, {Jochem W.} and Andreas L{\"u}dtke and Alexander Pretschner and Klaus Bengler",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.; 23rd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction , HCII 2021 ; Conference date: 24-07-2021 Through 29-07-2021",
year = "2021",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-030-90966-6_16",
language = "English",
isbn = "9783030909659",
series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)",
publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH",
pages = "219--234",
editor = "Constantine Stephanidis and Duffy, {Vincent G.} and Heidi Kr{\"o}mker and {Fui-Hoon Nah}, Fiona and Keng Siau and Gavriel Salvendy and June Wei",
booktitle = "HCI International 2021 - Late Breaking Papers",
}