A calibration study of local ice and optical sensor properties in IceCube

The IceCube Collaboration

A calibration study of local ice and optical sensor properties in IceCube

The IceCube Collaboration

Chair of Experimental Physics with Cosmic Particles

University of Wisconsin
Loyola University Chicago
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
University of Canterbury
Université Libre de Bruxelles
Niels Bohr Institutet
Oskar Klein Centre
University of Geneva
Humanoid Technologies Lab (H2T)
University of Delaware
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Marquette University
Eberly College of Science
Friedrich-Alexander Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU)
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
University of California, Irvine
University of California at Berkeley
Ohio State University
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
Max-Planck-lnstitut für Kohlenforschung
Technical University of Munich
University of Rochester
University of Maryland
University of Padova
University of Kansas
National Research Nuclear University MEPhI
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
RWTH Aachen University
Johannes Gutenberg University
Uppsala University
University of Adelaide
University of Münster
Drexel University
Georgia Institute of Technology
Sungkyunkwan University
Michigan State University
Queen's University
VUB Neurology
The Pennsylvania State University
Ghent University
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Southern University and A&M College
University of Alabama
University of Alberta
Chiba-U
pro3dure medical GmbH
University of Tokyo
Clark-Atlanta University
University of Texas at Arlington
SUNY
University of California at Los Angeles
Yale University
Mercer University at Macon
University of Alaska Anchorage
University of Utah
University of Oxford
University of Wisconsin-River Falls

Research output: Contribution to journal › Conference article › peer-review

Abstract

The optical sensors of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory are attached on vertical strings of cables. They were frozen into the ice in the deployment holes made by hot water drill. This hole ice, to the best of our knowledge, consists of a bubbly central column, with the remainder of the re-frozen volume being optically clear. The bubbly ice often blocks one or several of the calibration LEDs in every optical sensor and significantly distorts the angular profile of the calibration light pulses. It also affects the sensors’ response to in-coming photons at different locations and directions. We present our modeling of the hole ice optical properties as well as optical sensor location and orientation within the hole ice. The shadowing effects of cable string and possible optical sensor tilt away from the nominal vertical alignment are also discussed.

Original language	English
Article number	1029
Journal	Proceedings of Science
Volume	395
State	Published - 18 Mar 2022
Event	37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021 - Virtual, Berlin, Germany Duration: 12 Jul 2021 → 23 Jul 2021

Cite this

@article{20ebed8827744584be9e6df8e631c074,

title = "A calibration study of local ice and optical sensor properties in IceCube",

abstract = "The optical sensors of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory are attached on vertical strings of cables. They were frozen into the ice in the deployment holes made by hot water drill. This hole ice, to the best of our knowledge, consists of a bubbly central column, with the remainder of the re-frozen volume being optically clear. The bubbly ice often blocks one or several of the calibration LEDs in every optical sensor and significantly distorts the angular profile of the calibration light pulses. It also affects the sensors{\textquoteright} response to in-coming photons at different locations and directions. We present our modeling of the hole ice optical properties as well as optical sensor location and orientation within the hole ice. The shadowing effects of cable string and possible optical sensor tilt away from the nominal vertical alignment are also discussed.",

author = "\{The IceCube Collaboration\} and Dmitry Chirkin and R. Abbasi and M. Ackermann and J. Adams and Aguilar, \{J. A.\} and M. Ahlers and M. Ahrens and C. Alispach and Alves, \{A. A.\} and Amin, \{N. M.\} and R. An and K. Andeen and T. Anderson and G. Anton and C. Arg{\"u}elles and Y. Ashida and S. Axani and X. Bai and Balagopal, \{A. V.\} and A. Barbano and Barwick, \{S. W.\} and B. Bastian and V. Basu and S. Baur and R. Bay and Beatty, \{J. J.\} and Becker, \{K. H.\} and \{Becker Tjus\}, J. and C. Bellenghi and S. BenZvi and D. Berley and E. Bernardini and Besson, \{D. Z.\} and G. Binder and D. Bindig and E. Blaufuss and S. Blot and M. Boddenberg and F. Bontempo and J. Borowka and S. B{\"o}ser and O. Botner and J. B{\"o}ttcher and E. Bourbeau and F. Bradascio and J. Braun and S. Bron and J. Brostean-Kaiser and S. Browne and E. Resconi",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.; 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021 ; Conference date: 12-07-2021 Through 23-07-2021",

year = "2022",

month = mar,

day = "18",

language = "English",

volume = "395",

journal = "Proceedings of Science",

issn = "1824-8039",

publisher = "Sissa Medialab Srl",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - A calibration study of local ice and optical sensor properties in IceCube

AU - The IceCube Collaboration

AU - Chirkin, Dmitry

AU - Abbasi, R.

AU - Ackermann, M.

AU - Adams, J.

AU - Aguilar, J. A.

AU - Ahlers, M.

AU - Ahrens, M.

AU - Alispach, C.

AU - Alves, A. A.

AU - Amin, N. M.

AU - An, R.

AU - Andeen, K.

AU - Anderson, T.

AU - Anton, G.

AU - Argüelles, C.

AU - Ashida, Y.

AU - Axani, S.

AU - Bai, X.

AU - Balagopal, A. V.

AU - Barbano, A.

AU - Barwick, S. W.

AU - Bastian, B.

AU - Basu, V.

AU - Baur, S.

AU - Bay, R.

AU - Beatty, J. J.

AU - Becker, K. H.

AU - Becker Tjus, J.

AU - Bellenghi, C.

AU - BenZvi, S.

AU - Berley, D.

AU - Bernardini, E.

AU - Besson, D. Z.

AU - Binder, G.

AU - Bindig, D.

AU - Blaufuss, E.

AU - Blot, S.

AU - Boddenberg, M.

AU - Bontempo, F.

AU - Borowka, J.

AU - Böser, S.

AU - Botner, O.

AU - Böttcher, J.

AU - Bourbeau, E.

AU - Bradascio, F.

AU - Braun, J.

AU - Bron, S.

AU - Brostean-Kaiser, J.

AU - Browne, S.

AU - Resconi, E.

PY - 2022/3/18

Y1 - 2022/3/18

N2 - The optical sensors of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory are attached on vertical strings of cables. They were frozen into the ice in the deployment holes made by hot water drill. This hole ice, to the best of our knowledge, consists of a bubbly central column, with the remainder of the re-frozen volume being optically clear. The bubbly ice often blocks one or several of the calibration LEDs in every optical sensor and significantly distorts the angular profile of the calibration light pulses. It also affects the sensors’ response to in-coming photons at different locations and directions. We present our modeling of the hole ice optical properties as well as optical sensor location and orientation within the hole ice. The shadowing effects of cable string and possible optical sensor tilt away from the nominal vertical alignment are also discussed.

AB - The optical sensors of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory are attached on vertical strings of cables. They were frozen into the ice in the deployment holes made by hot water drill. This hole ice, to the best of our knowledge, consists of a bubbly central column, with the remainder of the re-frozen volume being optically clear. The bubbly ice often blocks one or several of the calibration LEDs in every optical sensor and significantly distorts the angular profile of the calibration light pulses. It also affects the sensors’ response to in-coming photons at different locations and directions. We present our modeling of the hole ice optical properties as well as optical sensor location and orientation within the hole ice. The shadowing effects of cable string and possible optical sensor tilt away from the nominal vertical alignment are also discussed.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85145007590

M3 - Conference article

AN - SCOPUS:85145007590

SN - 1824-8039

VL - 395

JO - Proceedings of Science

JF - Proceedings of Science

M1 - 1029

T2 - 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

Y2 - 12 July 2021 through 23 July 2021

ER -

A calibration study of local ice and optical sensor properties in IceCube

Abstract

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