Usefulness of (1,3) ß-d-glucan detection in bronchoalveolar lavage samples in Pneumocystis pneumonia and Pneumocystis pulmonary colonization

Objective of the study: Recent data demonstrate the usefulness of (1,3) ß-. d-glucan (BG) detection in serum samples to distinguish patients developing Pneumocystis pneumonia and patients who are colonized by the fungus. In contrast, data of BG detection in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from these patient populations are still rare. Patients: In this context, we determined BG levels in BAL samples from 11 Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) patients, 10 colonized patients, and 24 Pneumocystis-uninfected patients. Materials and methods: BG levels were determined on each BAL sample using the Fungitell^® kit (Associates of Cape Cod, Inc., Cape Cod, MA, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions applied to serum sample examination. Results: The BG levels in BAL samples from the PCP patient group (mean value 20588. pg/mL) were significantly higher than those in the colonized patient group (mean value 105. pg/mL) (P=. 0.0001, Mann-Whitney test) and than those in the Pneumocystis-uninfected patient group (mean value 74. pg/mL) (P<. 0.0001, Mann-Whitney test). The BG levels in BAL samples from the colonized patient group did not differ significantly from those in the Pneumocystis-uninfected patients group (P=. 0.21). Conclusion: The results suggest that measurements of BAL BG levels may facilitate the differential diagnosis of PCP and pulmonary colonization with Pneumocystis.