Three-dimensional model of the human knee-joint

Injuries of the legs of pedestrians, depending on the height of the pedestrian and the bumper injuries of the knee-joint, caused by collisions with cars are well known. One option to investigate such an event is the development of a three-dimensional multibody system including the different structures of the human knee-joint A number of two and three-dimensional mathematical models of the knee-joint have been developed which differ from the complexity of considered soft tissue structures and the accuracy of the description of their material properties. In the presented model cartilage, ligaments, tendons, capsule, and muscles as well as the accurate shape of the articulating surfaces are considered. Depending on position, direction, and magnitude of the impact of external forces the developed knee model allows a detailed analysis of various structures of the joint during predetermined flexion or extension movements.