The influence of discounting ecosystem services in robust multi-objective optimization – An application to a forestry-avocado land-use portfolio

Keyphrases

• Land Use 100%
• Forestry 100%
• Ecosystem Services 100%
• Avocado 100%
• Time Preference 100%
• Discount Rate 100%
• Multi-objective Robust Optimization 100%
• Non-monetary 66%
• Ecosystem Service Assessment 66%
• Planners 33%
• Multi-objective Optimization 33%
• South Africa 33%
• Carbon Sequestration 33%
• Land Allocation 33%
• Fertilizer Use Efficiency 33%
• Multi-objective Optimization Algorithm 33%
• Futures Markets 33%
• Indicator Sets 33%
• Ecosystem Disservices 33%
• Monetary Indicators 33%
• Net Present Value Payback Period 33%
• Market Transformation 33%
• Discounted-sum 33%
• Monetary Flows 33%

Economics, Econometrics and Finance

• Ecosystem Services 100%
• Land Use 100%
• Discount Rate 60%
• Measure of Dispersion 20%
• Managers 20%
• Present Value 20%
• Direct Air Capture 20%
• Monetary Indicator 20%