Terrestrial wave propagation: Combination of Fourier split-step parabolic wave equation solutions and ray optical models of built-up terrain

Wave-propagation in so-called macrocellular environments with the transmitter antenna above vegetation or buildings, where a database with topographical and morphographical data is available is discussed. As such, the resulting hybrid algorithm is applied to predict median field intensities for a great variety of propagation situations including frequencies from 626 MHz to 2200 MHz with varying bandwiths, different transmitter antenna heights and various terrain types. Comparison with the measured data show that considerably improved prediction results can be obtained as compared to available semi-empirical modeling approaches.