Targeting microRNAs for cardiovascular therapeutics in coronary artery disease

Purpose of review To discuss the possible therapeutic options for miRNA as targets in coronary heart disease. Noncoding RNAs regulate gene expression at a posttranscriptional state. Modulation of miRNAs might be a new therapeutic option in coronary heart disease. Recent findings Noncoding RNAs (long and short noncoding RNAs) might be used as biomarkers in cardiovascular disease, as they are differentially regulated and released in the pathophysiological situation of coronary heart disease. In acute myocardial infarction already a lot of miRNAs are investigated as biomarkers, still not superior to high-sensitive Troponin T. In rare cardiovascular diseases such as Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy or the different stages of heart failure, development of new biomarkers is even more important. In addition, miRNA inhibition via antimiRs is capable of attenuating cardiovascular disease in small and large animal models. Over-expression of 'protective' miRNAs (miR mimics) improved the outcome of cardiovascular disease in vitro and in first small animal models. Summary Noncoding RNAs are promising new biomarkers for cardiovascular disease. Directly targeting miRNA for disease modulation is possible for the specific inhibition, as well as for overexpression of 'protective' miRNAs. However, additional preclinical and clinical testing has to be performed before this therapy will enter clinical routine.