Prevention of interferon-alpha associated depression in psychiatric risk patients with chronic hepatitis C

Background/Aims: Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) induced depression is a major limitation for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, especially for patients with psychiatric disorders. We prospectively studied the efficacy of a pre-emptive treatment with the antidepressant citalopram to prevent depression during hepatitis C treatment with pegylated IFN-α-2b plus ribavirin. Methods: 14 HCV infected patients with psychiatric disorders received a prophylactic medication with citalopram (20 mg/day) before and during therapy with IFN-α. The incidence of major depression was compared with 22 HCV infected patients with psychiatric disorders (group B; n=11) and without psychiatric risk factors (group C; n=11), who underwent IFN-α treatment without a pre-emptive antidepressant therapy. Depression was diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria. Results: Pre-treatment of psychiatric patients with citalopram significantly reduced the incidence of major depression during the first 6 months of antiviral treatment as compared to the two control groups (group A 14% vs. 64% and 55% in group B and C; log-rank 6.89; df=2; P=0.032). Patients who developed symptoms of major depression during IFN therapy could also be improved by antidepressive treatment. Conclusions: Our open label pilot study, though small, clearly indicates that IFN alpha induced depression in psychiatric risk patients can be ameliorated by both the use of antidepressants as well as by intensive psychiatric care. However, larger, double blind placebo controlled trials in other patient populations are required to confirm these preliminary findings.