POM-based Nanomaterials for Battery Applications

As the demand for efficient energy storage grows, the versatility and scalability of redox flow batteries (RFBs) have garnered significant attention. Their unique design allows independent scaling of power (given by the size of the stack) and energy density (given by the size of the tanks) making them ideal candidates for customized stationary battery systems. However, the current limitations in RFBs, particularly their low energy and power density, necessitate innovative approaches for improvement especially of the active materials, the core of RFBs. Polyoxometalates (POMs) have emerged as promising candidates due to their remarkable properties, including multi-electron-transfer capability, fast kinetics and high solubility. In this review, we focus on the potential of POMs to enhance the performance of RFBs. We begin by discussing the fundamental chemistry of RFBs and their performance metrics. Subsequently, we delve into the unique features of POMs and their suitability for RFB applications. Through a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, we evaluate the advancements, challenges and future prospects of POM-based RFBs.