TY - JOUR
T1 - Manufacture of steel–CF/PA6 hybrids in a laser tape placement process
T2 - Effect of first-ply placement rate on thermal history and lap shear strength
AU - Stokes-Griffin, C. M.
AU - Kollmannsberger, A.
AU - Ehard, S.
AU - Compston, P.
AU - Drechsler, K.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2018/8
Y1 - 2018/8
N2 - This paper investigates the manufacture of selectively reinforced metal/composite hybrids in a laser-assisted automated tape placement process. Carbon-fibre/PA6 composite tapes were applied to PA6-coated steel substrates. The bonding of the first-ply to the substrate is critical to the success of the hybrid; the effect of first-ply placement rate was investigated for speeds of 25 mm/s, 50 mm/s, 100 mm/s. The interfacial bond strength of the hybrid laminates was determined by ASTM D 3165 lap shear tests. A 3D finite element thermal model was formulated to elucidate the thermal behaviour for increasing first-ply placement rate. A method for increasing model efficiency was shown to significantly decrease the computational difficulty while maintaining solution accuracy. Raising the first-ply placement rate from 25 mm/s to 100 mm/s resulted in a fourfold increase in lap shear strength with a maximum value of 22 MPa. The greater strength at higher speeds is attributed to improved synchronisation of the temperature and consolidation pressure history.
AB - This paper investigates the manufacture of selectively reinforced metal/composite hybrids in a laser-assisted automated tape placement process. Carbon-fibre/PA6 composite tapes were applied to PA6-coated steel substrates. The bonding of the first-ply to the substrate is critical to the success of the hybrid; the effect of first-ply placement rate was investigated for speeds of 25 mm/s, 50 mm/s, 100 mm/s. The interfacial bond strength of the hybrid laminates was determined by ASTM D 3165 lap shear tests. A 3D finite element thermal model was formulated to elucidate the thermal behaviour for increasing first-ply placement rate. A method for increasing model efficiency was shown to significantly decrease the computational difficulty while maintaining solution accuracy. Raising the first-ply placement rate from 25 mm/s to 100 mm/s resulted in a fourfold increase in lap shear strength with a maximum value of 22 MPa. The greater strength at higher speeds is attributed to improved synchronisation of the temperature and consolidation pressure history.
KW - A. Hybrid
KW - A. Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs)
KW - C. Finite element analysis (FEA)
KW - E. Tape placement
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85047091547&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.05.007
DO - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.05.007
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85047091547
SN - 1359-835X
VL - 111
SP - 42
EP - 53
JO - Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing
JF - Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing
ER -