Investigating Anode Potential Errors of Real-Time Capable DFN Type Models Induced by Inhomogeneity for Fast Charging of Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries

The occurrence of lithium plating during fast charging poses a safety risk and can reduce the battery lifespan. To prevent plating during the application of model-based charging protocols, a safety margin is added to the lithium plating voltage criterion to compensate for unaccounted in-plane heterogeneities. This article investigates the value of this safety buffer when using real-time capable 1D-DFNs coupled with a 0D thermal model. Through comparison with a multi-scale model, the 1D-DFN error to the local minimum in the anode potential can be characterized. An adjusted cooling coefficient enables 0D temperature modeling with an average error of less than 1 ^◦C, despite the inability to consider temperature gradients. For a high-energy NMC811/SiC parameterization of a 4680 format cell with tabless current collectors, the 1D-DFN error in the anode potential deviates by a maximum of 10 mV during charging up to 3C at 50 W m⁻² K⁻¹ convective mantle cooling. The anode potential error is influenced by the charging rate, cooling strategy, cell format, and current collector design.