Increased risk of candidemia in patients with necrotising pancreatitis infected with candida species

Background and objectives: Candida infections are frequent in necrotising pancreatitis. Candidemia is associated with very high mortality and its risk due to infected pancreatic necrosis is unknown. So we aimed to assess potential risk factors and the risk of candidemia in necrotising pancreatitis. Methods: We retrospectively searched our clinical database for the diagnosis necrotising pancreatitis from 2007 till March 2017 and entered relevant information in a database for statistical analysis. Results: in total, 136 patients met the inclusion criteria. Candida infected pancreatic necrosis were found in 54 patients and 7 patients developed candidemia. Patients with Candida infected necrosis had a significantly higher in hospital mortality (35.2% versus 13.4%, p = 0.003). The highest mortality was observed in patients with candidemia (57.1% versus 20.2%, p = 0.042). Male gender (OR 0.32, CI 0.13–0.78, p = 0.013) and post-ERCP pancreatitis (OR 4.32, CI 1.01–18.36, p = 0.048) had a significant impact on the risk of Candida infections of pancreatic necrosis. Candidemia was significantly more frequent in patients with Candida infected necrosis (11.1% versus 1.2%, p = 0.016). Candida albicans was the most common species followed by Candida glabrata. Conclusion: Candidemia is a relevant complication of necrotising pancreatitis and associated with high mortality. If patients do not respond to antibiotic therapy empiric antifungal therapy should be discussed.