TY - JOUR
T1 - In-plane and anti-plane strong shaking of soil systems and structures
AU - Gudehus, G.
AU - Cudmani, R. O.
AU - Libreros-Bertini, A. B.
AU - Bühler, M. M.
N1 - Funding Information:
The results in this paper were mainly obtained within the Sonderforschungs-bereich 461, a multidisciplinary center of excellence in Karlsruhe dedicated to strong earthquakes. The advice from the geophysicists Prof. F. Wenzel and Prof. G. Borm is gratefully acknowledged, and also the financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The authors shared the work to this paper as follows: G. Gudehus proposed the general concept, anti-plane studies, the laminate walls and the electrophoretic film for the novel shake box; R.O. Cudmani contributed to the general concept and to the design and construction of the novel shake box, proposed the condition of equidistant lateral boundaries for calculations and experiments, improved the approach with intergranular strain, carried out the calculation for Sections 2–4 and contributed to the calculations for Sections 5 and 6 ; A.-B. Libreros-Bertini carried out the finite element simulations of the shake box texts in Section 6 , the granular dam in Section 7 and the breakwater in Section 8 . M.M. Bühler cared for design and execution of the shake box and other model tests, performed the finite element simulation of the model test in Section 8 , cared for visualization and contributed to the calculations for Sections 5 and 6 .
PY - 2004/6
Y1 - 2004/6
N2 - The concept of in-plane and anti-plane shaking is introduced with a rigid block on a plane surface with Coulomb friction. Using a hypoplastic constitutive relation to model the mechanical behaviour of the soil, numerical solutions for a rigid block on a thin dry or saturated soil layer are obtained. The coupled nature of dynamic problems involving granular materials is shown, i.e. the motion of the block changes the soil state-skeleton stresses and density-which in turn affects the block motion. Motions of the block as well as soil response can be more realistically calculated by the new model. The same constitutive equation is applied to the numerical simulation of the propagation of plane waves in homogeneous and layered level soil deposits induced by a wave coming from below. Experiments with a novel laminar shake box as well as real seismic records from well-documented sites during strong earthquakes are used to verify the adequacy of the hypoplasticity-based numerical model for the prediction of soil response during strong earthquakes. The response of a homogeneous earth dam subjected to in-plane and anti-plane shaking is investigated numerically. In-plane and anti-plane shaking is shown to cause nearly the same spreading of a sand dam under drained conditions, whereas under undrained conditions anti-plane shaking causes stronger spreading of the dam. The dynamic behaviour of a breakwater founded on rockfill and soft clay during the 1995 Kobe earthquake is back-calculated to show the good performance of the proposed numerical model also with a structure. Section 9 deals with buildings on mattresses of densified cohesionless soils or fine-grained soils with granular columns, slopes with 'hidden' dams and structures on piles traversing clayey slopes to show the suitability of hypoplasticity-based models for the earthquake-resistant design and safety assessment of geotechnical systems.
AB - The concept of in-plane and anti-plane shaking is introduced with a rigid block on a plane surface with Coulomb friction. Using a hypoplastic constitutive relation to model the mechanical behaviour of the soil, numerical solutions for a rigid block on a thin dry or saturated soil layer are obtained. The coupled nature of dynamic problems involving granular materials is shown, i.e. the motion of the block changes the soil state-skeleton stresses and density-which in turn affects the block motion. Motions of the block as well as soil response can be more realistically calculated by the new model. The same constitutive equation is applied to the numerical simulation of the propagation of plane waves in homogeneous and layered level soil deposits induced by a wave coming from below. Experiments with a novel laminar shake box as well as real seismic records from well-documented sites during strong earthquakes are used to verify the adequacy of the hypoplasticity-based numerical model for the prediction of soil response during strong earthquakes. The response of a homogeneous earth dam subjected to in-plane and anti-plane shaking is investigated numerically. In-plane and anti-plane shaking is shown to cause nearly the same spreading of a sand dam under drained conditions, whereas under undrained conditions anti-plane shaking causes stronger spreading of the dam. The dynamic behaviour of a breakwater founded on rockfill and soft clay during the 1995 Kobe earthquake is back-calculated to show the good performance of the proposed numerical model also with a structure. Section 9 deals with buildings on mattresses of densified cohesionless soils or fine-grained soils with granular columns, slopes with 'hidden' dams and structures on piles traversing clayey slopes to show the suitability of hypoplasticity-based models for the earthquake-resistant design and safety assessment of geotechnical systems.
KW - Dynamic soil-structure interaction
KW - Finite element modelling
KW - Hypoplasticity
KW - Non-linear wave propagation
KW - Seismic soil response
KW - Soil liquefaction
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=1942537177&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.soildyn.2003.12.007
DO - 10.1016/j.soildyn.2003.12.007
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:1942537177
SN - 0267-7261
VL - 24
SP - 319
EP - 342
JO - Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
JF - Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
IS - 4
ER -