Gentransfer mittels genom-und chromosomen-manipulationen zwischen Festuca- und Lolium-Arten

Ryegrasses belong to the most important forage crops in temperate regions. The present study reviews the success of combining valuable traits of Lolium multiflorum and L. perenne in crosses with each other and with Festuca-species through production of Festulolium hybrids. By the process of polyploidization of Lolium species, earlier growth, higher nutritive value and better competitive ability have been achieved. Furthermore, Lolium species are being crossed to Festuca pratensis, F. arundinacea and other Festuca species. In particular, colchicined Festulolium hybrids from crosses between Lolium species and F. pratensis and F. arundinacea and backcross lines are most successful. The close genetic relationship between the genera Lolium and Festuca permits homoeoallelic crossingover and selection of novel recombinants. By using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) attempts are currently underway to establish genetically tailor-made diploid ryegrasses possessing well known Lolium traits combined with persistency, drought tolerance and winter hardiness from Festuca species. Finally success of genetic changes of the most important forage grasses through biotechnological manipulations is compiled and possibilities of the use of transgenic forage crops in the future are discussed.