TY - JOUR
T1 - Differential Linguistic Recall Effects in the California Verbal Learning Test in Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Dementia
T2 - Analysis of Routine Diagnostic Data
AU - Hessler, Johannes Baltasar
AU - Fischer, Alina Maria
AU - Jahn, Thomas
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
PY - 2016/11/1
Y1 - 2016/11/1
N2 - Objective Psycholinguistic evidence suggests that certain word characteristics might influence recall rates in word-list learning tests. These effects were investigated in the German California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-G) in a clinical setting. Method Subjects were memory clinic patients without cognitive diagnosis (N = 45) and with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) (N = 48) matched for age, sex, depressive symptoms, and education. The CVLT-G's words were analyzed with regard to length, frequency, and neighborhood size and dichotomized into low and high value groups. For each linguistic variable, a 2 (diagnosis: control vs. DAT) × 3 (time: Trial 1 vs. Trial 5 vs. Long Delay Free Recall) × 2 (linguistic: low vs. high) repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) was conducted. Results RM-ANOVAs revealed a main effect for frequency, F(1,91) = 21.03, p < 0.001, and interactions between time and frequency, F(1.97,179.09) = 5.18, p = 0.007, and diagnosis and neighborhood, F(1.77,161.23) = 13.60, p < 0.001. High-frequency words were better recalled at Trial 5 (Cohen's d = 0.37) and long delayed free recall (d = 0.16) and learning from Trials 1 to 5 was better for high-frequency words (d = 0.39). Controls recalled large neighborhood words better whereas the opposite was true for persons with DAT (d = 0.76). Conclusion Frequency and neighborhood size seem to influence learning and retention in the CVLT-G with neighborhood size producing opposed effects for persons with and without DAT. These results are in line with international experimental studies and likely not specific to the German language. Potential diagnostic implications and possibilities for test construction and interpretation are discussed.
AB - Objective Psycholinguistic evidence suggests that certain word characteristics might influence recall rates in word-list learning tests. These effects were investigated in the German California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-G) in a clinical setting. Method Subjects were memory clinic patients without cognitive diagnosis (N = 45) and with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) (N = 48) matched for age, sex, depressive symptoms, and education. The CVLT-G's words were analyzed with regard to length, frequency, and neighborhood size and dichotomized into low and high value groups. For each linguistic variable, a 2 (diagnosis: control vs. DAT) × 3 (time: Trial 1 vs. Trial 5 vs. Long Delay Free Recall) × 2 (linguistic: low vs. high) repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) was conducted. Results RM-ANOVAs revealed a main effect for frequency, F(1,91) = 21.03, p < 0.001, and interactions between time and frequency, F(1.97,179.09) = 5.18, p = 0.007, and diagnosis and neighborhood, F(1.77,161.23) = 13.60, p < 0.001. High-frequency words were better recalled at Trial 5 (Cohen's d = 0.37) and long delayed free recall (d = 0.16) and learning from Trials 1 to 5 was better for high-frequency words (d = 0.39). Controls recalled large neighborhood words better whereas the opposite was true for persons with DAT (d = 0.76). Conclusion Frequency and neighborhood size seem to influence learning and retention in the CVLT-G with neighborhood size producing opposed effects for persons with and without DAT. These results are in line with international experimental studies and likely not specific to the German language. Potential diagnostic implications and possibilities for test construction and interpretation are discussed.
KW - CVLT
KW - Neighborhood Size
KW - Verbal Memory
KW - Word Frequency
KW - Word Length
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84994676928&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/arclin/acw038
DO - 10.1093/arclin/acw038
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84994676928
SN - 0887-6177
VL - 31
SP - 689
EP - 699
JO - Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology
JF - Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology
IS - 7
ER -