Demand controlled ventilation for electric demand side flexibility

The intermittency of renewable electricity generation and the increasing peak demand due to electric mobility pose challenges to the electric grid operation. Demand side flexibility (DSF) is becoming an important technique to counter these challenges, where the air-conditioning demand of commercial buildings has a particularly high potential to serve as a flexible load. This paper proposes demand controlled ventilation (DCV) as a method to increase the DSF of air-conditioned commercial buildings. Two D C V strategies are proposed based on (1) occupancy-based ventilation according to A S H R A E Standard 62.1 and (2) an indoor air quality (IAQ) model. The i n - crease/changes in DSF are quantified for both the strategies. For a test case comprising a zone of an office building in Singapore, both D C V strategies are shown to increase the DSF when compared to a conservative ventilation strategy. For instance, the I A Q - based D C V strategy allows for scheduling strategic reserves six-fold higher than the conservative ventilation strategy.