@article{c7029f2fee7b4134b46443cfb7f79a1c,
title = "A two-dimensional signal space for intensity-modulated channels",
abstract = "A two-dimensional signal space for intensity-modulated channels is presented. Modulation formats using this signal space are designed to minimize average and peak power for a fixed minimum distance between signal points. The uncoded, high-signal-to-noise ratio, power and spectral efficiencies are compared to those of the best known formats. The new formats are simpler than existing subcarrier formats, and are superior if the bandwidth is measured as 90% in-band power. Existing subcarrier formats are better if the bandwidth is measured as 99% in-band power.",
keywords = "Direct detection, intensity modulation, noncoherent communications, power efficiency, spectral efficiency",
author = "Johnny Karout and Gerhard Kramer and Kschischang, {Frank R.} and Erik Agrell",
note = "Funding Information: J. Karout and E. Agrell were supported by SSF under grant RE07-0026. G. Kramer was supported by an Alexander von Humboldt Professorship endowed by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. F. R. Kschischang was supported by a Hans Fischer Senior Fellowship of the Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen, funded by the German Excellence Initiative. The authors would like to acknowledge R. Krishnan for comments on the paper.",
year = "2012",
doi = "10.1109/LCOMM.2012.072012.121057",
language = "English",
volume = "16",
pages = "1361--1364",
journal = "IEEE Communications Letters",
issn = "1089-7798",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
number = "9",
}